![]() Reprinted with permission from Dallman PR. Median values and 95% confidence limits are indicated for each of three birthweight groups represented. Hemoglobin concentrations and reticulocyte counts in preterm and term infants during the first 6 postnatal months. The prevention and treatment of neonatal anemia is the subject of a companion article in this issue. It is the combination of developmentally regulated physiologic processes (commonly referred to as anemia of prematurity ) along with concomitant pathologic and iatrogenic processes that contribute to the progressive anemia experienced by virtually all preterm infants. Second, as a group, preterm infants are particularly prone to developing severe cardiorespiratory and infectious illnesses, the diagnosis and management of which requires frequent laboratory assessment, resulting in heavy phlebotomy loss. ![]() First, the severity of the developmental postnatal decrease in Hb is most pronounced in the least mature infants, placing them at high risk of developing clinically significant anemia. Preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these processes for two reasons. The rapidity with which this anemia develops and its ultimate severity are determined by a combination of multiple physiologic and nonphysiologic processes. Immediately following birth, all infants universally experience a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) that results in varying degrees of anemia.
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